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The French national identity card ((フランス語:Carte nationale d’identité sécurisée) or ''CNIS'') is an official identity document consisting of a laminated plastic card bearing a photograph, name and address. While the identity card is non-compulsory, all persons must possess some form of valid government-issued identity documentation.〔Art. 78-1 to 78-6 of the French Code of criminal procedure (''Code de procédure pénale'')〕 Identity cards, valid for a period of 15 years (extended from initially 10 years as of 1 January 2014〔http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/vivre-a-l-etranger/la-presence-francaise-a-l-etranger-4182/article/extension-de-la-duree-de-validite〕), are issued by the local ''préfecture'', ''sous-préfecture'', ''mairie'' (in France) or in French consulates (abroad) free of charge. A fingerprint of the holder is taken, which is stored in paper files and which can only be accessed by a judge in closely defined circumstances. A central database duplicates the information on the card, but strict laws limit access to the information and prevent it being linked to other databases or records. The cards may be used to verify identity and nationality and may also be used as a travel document within Europe (except Belarus, Kosovo, Russia and Ukraine) as well as French overseas territories, Egypt, Turkey, Georgia, Dominica (max 14 days), Saint Lucia (max 14 days) and on organized tours to Morocco and Tunisia 〔http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=305〕 instead of a French passport. The cards are widely used for other purposes — for example, when opening a bank account, or when making a payment by cheque. ==History== Following defeat in the Battle of France, national identity cards were first issued as the ''carte d'identité des Français'' under the law of October 27, 1940, and were compulsory for everyone over the age of 16. A central record was also instituted. From 1942, French Jews had the word "Jew" added to their card in red, which helped the Vichy authorities identify 76,000 for deportation as part of the Holocaust. Under the decree 55-1397 of October 22, 1955〔http://legifrance.gouv.fr/jopdf/common/jo_pdf.jsp?numJO=0&dateJO=19551027&pageDebut=10604&pageFin=&pageCourante=10604〕 a revised non-compulsory card, the ''carte nationale d'identité'' (CNI) was introduced, and the central records abandoned. With the introduction of lamination in 1988 it was renamed the ''carte nationale d’identité sécurisée'' (CNIS) (secure national identity card). In 1995 the cards were made machine-readable. It became free in 1998. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National identity card (France)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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